The first transcontinental telegraph message was sent in 1861, bringing to an end the Pony Express

The Pony Express was a fast mail service crossing the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, from April 1860 to October 1861. It became the west's most direct means of east-west communication before the telegraph and was vital for tying California closely with the Union just before the American Civil War.

This original fast mail Pony Express service had messages carried by horseback riders in relays to stations across the prairies, plains, deserts, and mountains of the Western United States. For its 18 months of operation, it briefly reduced the time for messages to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts to about ten days, with telegraphic communication covering about half the distance across the continent and mounted couriers the rest.

- Wikipedia

Science Fair Project Information
Title: Build Your Own Morse Telegraph System
Subject: Electromagnetism
Grade level: Middle School, Grades 7-9
Academic Level: Ordinary
Project Type: Building project
Cost: Low
Affiliation: Science Fair Projects and Experiments
Description: A very basic and simple apparatus consisting of a morse key, battery, bulb or LED, buzzer and an electromagnet.
Link: http://www.juliantrubin.com/bigten/morsetelegraph.html

2010 Nobel Prize Winners in Physics Announced

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 was awarded jointly to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene"

Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet of carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. The term Graphene was coined as a combination of "graphite" and the suffix "ene" (containing a double carbon bond).

The possible practical applications (though most of them sill not realized) for graphene include microelectronics, composite materials, solar cells, mobile phones, and more.

- Wikipedia

Science Fair Project Information
Title: Does radiation from cell phones affect our health?
Subject: Health
Grade level: Elementary School Grades 4-6
Academic Level: Ordinary
Project Type: Descriptive
Cost: Low
Awards: 1st place, Canada Wide Virtual Science Fair (2005)
Affiliation: Canada Wide Virtual Science Fair (VSF)
Year: 2005
Description: Main topics: Why does your cell phone emit radiation? Is this radiation dangerous for our health? How to fight cell phone radiation.
Link: http://www.odec.ca/projects/2005/lamn5n0/public_html

Chile's Trapped Miners are Free!

On August 5, 2010 33 Chilean miners ranging in ages from 19 to 63 became trapped 700 metres (2,300 ft) below the ground surface in a copper and gold mine located in the Atacama Desert. The trapped miners gained contact with the outside world 17 days after the mine collapse through a 3-inch diameter hole that was drilled to reach the trapped miners. Through this hole, the trapped miners have received food and other supplies. A video message released to the public on August 26, 2010 showed the miners living conditions 2,300 feet below the ground surface.

At approximately 11:30 pm on 12 October 2010 (Eastern Daylight Time) the first of the trapped miners reached the surface, after an approximately fourteen-minute ascent in the rescue Fenix capsule. All of the remaining miners were rescued successfully within 21 hours of the first miner's arrival on the surface.

- Wikipedia

Science Fair Project Information
Title: Diamonds Around the World
Subject: Chemistry
Grade level: Elementary School Grades 2-4
Academic Level: Ordinary
Project Type: Descriptive
Cost: Low
Awards: 1st place, Canada Wide Virtual Science Fair (2006)
Affiliation: Canada Wide Virtual Science Fair (VSF)
Year: 2006
Description: Main topics: How diamonds are formed, diamonds in Saskatchewan, Canada, production, uses, how is the value of diamonds evaluated, crimes, wars, legends.
Link: http://www.odec.ca/projects/2006/malh6d2/

2010 Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry are Announced

This year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki for the development of palladium-catalyzed cross coupling.

Carbon is a stable element and carbon atoms do not easily react with one another. In this method carbon atoms bind to a palladium atom, an act that brings together the carbon atoms and starts the reaction that ends up with a new carbon-based material.

This chemical method is very useful for the electronics, platics and medicine industries.

Science Fair Project Information
Title: Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes in Daphnia magna
Subject: Chemistry / Material Engineering
Grade level: High School, Grades 10-12
Academic Level: Advanced
Project Type: Experimental
Cost: Medium
Awards:
2nd place, Canada Wide Virtual Science Fair (2010)
WWSEF Life Science Gold Medal
Affiliation: Canada Wide Virtual Science Fair (VSF)
Year: 2010
Description: The main goal of this project is to test the toxicity of carbon nanotubes by exposing Daphnia magna to solutions of carbon nanotubes and humic acid.
Link: http://www.virtualsciencefair.org/2010/kimexe2

Ford Motor Company Was Founded, on this Day, 107 Years Ago

Ford Motor Company is an American multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on worldwide vehicle sales. Based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, the automaker was founded by Henry Ford, and incorporated in June 16, 1903. Ford now encompasses many brands, including Lincoln and Mercury of the U.S. and Volvo of Sweden.

Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines. Henry Ford's methods came to be known around the world as Fordism by 1914.

- Wikipedia

Science Fair Project Information
Title: Explore Automotive Seat Design
Subject: Automotive engineering
Grade level: High School - Grades 10-12
Academic Level: Ordinary
Project Type: Descriptive
Cost: Low
Awards: 2nd place, Canada Wide Virtual Science Fair (2005)
Affiliation: Canada Wide Virtual Science Fair (VSF)
Year: 2005
Description: The main goal of this project is to study the factors that cause seating discomfort, and what health hazards sitting in a car imposes.
Link: http://www.odec.ca/projects/2005/fung5b0/public_html/

2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup - Begins

The 2010 FIFA World Cup is the 19th and current FIFA World Cup, the premier international association football tournament. It is being held in South Africa, where it began on 11 June and is scheduled to conclude on 11 July 2010. The 2010 FIFA World Cup is the culmination of a qualification process that began in August 2007 and involved 204 of the 208 FIFA national teams. As such, it matches the 2008 Summer Olympics as the sports event with the most competing nations.

The FIFA World Cup, also called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not contested because of World War II.

- Wikipedia

Science Fair Project Information
Title: Total Soccer: The Online Soccer Resource
Subject: Sports
Grade level: Elementary / Middle School, Grades 4-9
Academic Level: Ordinary
Project Type: Descriptive
Cost: Low
Affiliation: ThinkQuest
Year: 2001
Description: Main topics: how to play soccer; soccer history; soccer health, nutrition and injuries; soccer today.
Link: http://library.thinkquest.org/C0127282/

Dennis Gabor, Inventor of Holography, Was Born

Dennis Gabor (1900 - 1979) was a Hungarian-British electrical engineer and inventor, most notable for inventing holography, for which he later received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physics.

- Wikipedia

Science Fair Project Information
Title: The Effect of Different Isolation Tables and Developing Times on a Hologram's Range of Color.
Subject: Optics & Light
Grade level: Middle School Grades 7-9
Academic Level: Ordinary
Cost: Low
Affiliation: Selah Junior High School
Year: 2002
Description: The independent variables are the isolation tables and the developing times. The dependent variable is the range of color in each hologram, which is measured in nanometers.

Link: http://share3.esd105.wednet.edu/mcmillend/02SciProj/AshleyD/AshleyD.html